7 W (~700 lm): Accent/cove lighting, narrow layered illumination, small rooms (≤10 sqm).

12 W (~1,200 lm): Typical living room or bedroom general lighting when spaced 1.2–1.5 m apart.

18 W (~1,800 lm): Spacious rooms, kitchens, office desks, corridor down‑the‑aisle lighting.

Spacing rule: aim for ~2× depth distance (i.e. 2.4–3.0 m between 12 W downlights in an 8‑ft ceiling for uniform illumination).

6. Installation Notes
Mounting depth: Below ceiling—use frame or spring‑clip type.

Junction box: Prefer fixtures with integrated pluggable driver box (BJC style).

Ventilation: Avoid insulating ceiling materials resting directly atop COB module; allow ≥12 mm vent space.

Orientation: COB must be upright (chip heat-sink above) to prevent driver overheating.